Valve.



G. F. PERNALD.

VALVE. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 27, 1905.

922,686. Patented May 25, 1909.

THE NoRRIs FErsRs ca., wAsHmarbN, nx.

UNTE STATES PATENT @BBTQE.

CHARLES F. FERNALD, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOB TO STAR BRASSMANU= FACTURING COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OFMASSA- GHUSETTS.

VALVE To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLEs F. FERNALD, of Boston, in the county ofSuffolk and State of Massachusetts, a citizen of the United States, haveinvented a new and useful Improvement in Valves, of which the followingis a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, inexplaining its nature.

My invention relates to an improvement in that type of valve which isoperated by an overbalanced piston, or in other words, that type ofvalve controlling pressure inlet and outlet passages which has connectedwith it a piston normally held by the fluid pressure acting on bothsides thereof in a state of equilibrium, until by exhausting oreliminating the pressure from the chamber on one side of the piston itmay be actuated by the pressure in the chamber on the other side thereofto operate the valve.

Heretofore the usual mode of constructing the valve in order that thepressure might 5 enter the chambers on both sides of the pis ton was tohave the chamber located on the front side of the piston in directconnection or communication with the inlet passage, while the chamber inthe rear of the piston was reached by passages extending through thesame. Though this was a very simple and convenient mode of connectionand had the advantage also of being within the main casing, asdistinguished from that type of valve in which the connection betweenthe inlet passage and the chamber back of the piston was formed byauxiliary or by-passages outside the casing, there was one difficultyand this arose from the fact that the pressure continued to enter thechamber in the rear of the piston during the time of its exhaustion andwas not cut off. The effect was that the chamber exhausted very slowly.In other words, pressure continuing to enter it acted as a check uponthe piston and so caused it and the main valve to act tardily and notwith that quick responsive action which is so desirable in a valve ofthis kind and which is absolutely necessary when the valve is used forcertain kinds of work.

It is accordingly the object of my invention to provide such anarrangement that passages entirely within the main valve casing, asdistinguished from auxiliary or bypassages outside the same, maydirectly con Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed November 27, 1905.

Patented May 25, 1909.

Serial No. 289,313.

nect the chambers 011 the opposite sides of the piston with the inletpassage by which the piston may become properly balanced, and with thisarrangement of passages to provide means by which those of the passagesconnecting with the chamber in the rear of the piston may become closedand the pressure shut off at the time of, and during the exhaustion ofsaid chamber, with the effect that the piston and main valve willoperate with a quick responsive action.

My improvement can best be seen and understood by reference to thedrawing in which the figure shows the valve mainly in vertical crosssection.

In the drawings :A represents the main valve casing having an inletpassage (1 and outlet passage a through which the fluid is adapted topass. I have shown the valve as attached to or combined with a whistle Aa portion of which only is shown. casing A, separating the inlet andoutlet passages, is a partition (1 in which. is a port or opening.Around this port or opening is formed a valve seat a against which themain valve B is adapted to close. This main valve is arranged uponforward and rear extending members 5 and 6 respectively. The member Z)which forms the stem of the valve extends forward and has bearing in theside of the valve casing, or rather in a detachable plug a forming apart thereof. The member 6 comprises a rod extending backward from themain valve to where it is fitted with a piston B This piston iscontained within a cylinder (i forming a part of the valve casing andthe end of which is closed by a head a which is bolted or otherwisefastened to the end of the cylinder.

The piston B in area is larger than the valve B with which it connectsand its location inside the cylinder is such. that there are formedtherein the chambers (1 (1 respectively, on opposite sides of thepiston. The pressure from the inlet passage communicates directly withthe chamber a forward of the piston. The pressure also connects with.the chamber a in the rear of the piston by the ports or passages 12which enter from the chamber a through the side of the piston rod 6 intothe chambered interior 6 thereof and thence by this chambered passageout through the piston into said chamber a Before referring to the modeof operating the piston I will call attention to the thread- Inside theed plug a which extends through the cylinder head a in line with thepiston. This threaded plug carries upon its end a stop a which byencountering the piston on its back ward movement, when the chamber a isex- 1 hausted, acts to define or limit such move- I ment andconsequently the degree of opening of the main valve. By means of thethreadi ed connection of the plug with the cylinder 1 head, asaforesaid, this stop is adjustable, by I which the movement of thepiston and opening of the valve can be adjustably defined. The plug a isheld in place at any point of ad- 5 justed position by means of alocking nut a, while the end of the plug outside the cylinder is coveredand protected by a cap a screwing onto the plug.

With reference now to the mode of overbalancing the piston. From thechambered passage 5 there extends forward through the main valve anexhaust port or passage 1) which communicates with the outlet passage aforward of the main valve through bypassages 0 Contained in thechambered passage 19 is an auxiliary exhaust-controlling valve C whichis adapted to close upon a valve seat formed at the entrance to theexhaust port or passage 1). This auxiliary valve is so made and adaptedthat when placed upon its valve seat it closes the ex haust passage 12and so cuts oif all communi cation between the chamb er a and the outletpassage a When the valve is open, however, and moved away from its valveseat communication between said chamber and the outlet passage is openso that the fluid pressure in said chamber may be exhausted therefromand pass directly into the outlet passage. There is also contained inthe chambered passage 6 what may be termed a sliding gate 0 movable byand with the auxiliary valve O. This gate is in the nature of a sleevewhich fits snugly within the passage b and acts to guide the auxiliaryvalve onto and off its valve seat. It is also made hollow and connectswith the auxiliary valve C in such manner as not to prevent the passageof the exhaust through it and around the head of the valve 0 to thepassage 12 when the chamber a is exhausting. The gate also is so adaptedthat when the auxiliary valve is closed upon its valve seat, shuttingoff the exhaust, it will not interfere with the flow of 1 the fluidpressure through the ports or pasi sages 5 into the chambered passage band i chamber a as before described, but when l the auxiliary valve isopened the gate is moved back thereby and simultaneously with theopening of said valve is adapted to close said ports 11 thereby shuttingoff the p fluid pressure from the chamber a The auxiliary valve C isnormally held closed upon its valve seat by means of a compressionspring D which is contained within the chambered passage 12 and arranged partly upon a stem 0 projecting from said valve and partly upon astem (L13 extending from the stop a v For extraneously opening theauxiliary valve C it is provided with a long stem 0 which extendsforward from the valve through the valve stem 1) and. thence straightout to project through and have bearing in the plug a forming a part ofthe valve casing. Engaging with this projecting end of the stem is thearm of a lever E so mounted upon the side of the valve casing or plug athat upon operating the lever its arm will press against the projectingend of thestem and through it will unseat or open the auxiliary valve.

The adaptability and operation of the parts are as follows :The pressurewill enter through the inlet passage a and act upon the back of the mainvalve. The pressure will at the same time enter the chambers on thefront and rear sides of the piston, entrance into the chamber a back ofthe piston being made through the ports or openings 6 and the chamberedpassage 5 The auxiliary valve 0 controlling the exhaust passage leadingthrough the main valve from the passage 5 and communicating with theoutlet passage through the by-passages b will at this time be closedboth by the fluid pressure and by the compression spring D, so theeffect is, with the parts thus normally arranged, for the piston to beheld in a state of equilibrium and the main valve closed upon its valveseat. Now upon operating the lever E its lever arm will press againstthe stern c of the auxiliary valve projecting through the wall of thecasing, thereupon opening it against the pressure and compression of itsseating spring. Simultaneously with such opening or movement of thevalve the gate C carried by it will be mar e to slide back, closing theports or openings b through which the pressure normally passes from theinlet passage to the chamber a back of the piston. Said chamber a willthen exhaust. The exhaust pressure will pass out through the passage 6through the gate C around the auxiliary valve and lOO thence out throughthe exhaust passage 5 and. by-pass'a'ge 6 into the outlet passage. Bythus exhausting the chamber a pressure is relieved on the back side ofthe piston. The pressure will continue to press on the front side of thepiston as well. as upon the main valve, but inasmuch as the area of thepiston is larger than said valve, the pressure will act to press backthe piston, overbalancing the same as it were, and consequently the mainvalve will be automatically drawn open. Upon relieving the stress of thelever upon the auxiliary valve the valve will become seated by thecompression spring D, thereby shutting off the exhaust. Simultaneouslywith the closing of the auxiliary valve the gate (1 will slide forwardopening the ports I) when the )PQSSU re will again flow .into thechamltier a in the rear of the piston and the aarts made to assume theiraforesaid normal position with the main valve closed upon its valveseat.

.l'l aving thus full described my invention, 1 claim and desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United State.

1. A valve of the character specified having a casing and inside thesame a main valve controlling a port between inlet and outlet passages,a piston within said casing in direct communication with the inlet andwhich piston is arranged also whereby a chamliicr is forn'iei'l in therear thereof, a piston rod connecting said main valve and piston, saidpiston and rod having formed there in a chambered passage communicating;directly with the chamber in the rear of the piston and with the outletpassage by a port or opening through said main valve, said piston rodhaving also a by-passage leading into the interior thereof from said inct passage, an auxiliary valve for controlling the connection betweensaid chambered passage and the outlet of the valve, means forcontrolling said auxiliary valve from the 'l UlTfill'd end thereof, anda member attached to said auxiliary valve operable therewith forcontrolling said ay-passage.

2 A. valve of the character specified having a casing and inside thesame a main valve controlling a port between inlet and outlet passages,a piston within said casing in direct comniunication with the inletpassage and whicl piston is arranged also whereby a chamber is formed inthe rear thereof, a piston rod connecting said main valve and piston,said. piston and rod having formed therein a chambered passagecommunicating directly with the chamber in the rear of the piston andwith the outlet passage by a port or opening through said main valve,said piston rod having also a by-passage leading into the interiorthereof from said inlet passage, a valve seat at the entrance to saidport or opening through. the main valve, an auxiliary valve adapted tobecome seated upon said valve seat, said auxiliary valve being smallerthan said chambered. passage, a member sliding within said chamberedpassage and connecting with said auxiliary valve and operable therewithfor controlling said by-passage, said member acting also to guide saidauxiliary valve onto and oil its valve seat, and means passing throughsaid main valve by which said auxiliary valve is controlled from outsidethe valve casing.

3. A valve of the character specified having a casing and inside thesame a main valve controlling a port between inlet and outlet passages,a piston within said casing in direct communication with the inletpassage and which piston is arranged also whereby a chamber is formed inthe rear thereof, a piston rod connecting said main valve and piston,said. piston and rod having formed therein a chambered. passagecommunicating directly with the chamber in the rear of the piston andwith the outlet passage by a port or opening through said main valve,said piston. rod having also a lay-passage leading into the interiorthereof from said inlet passage, an auxiliary valve for controlling theconnection between said chambered passage and the outlet passage of thevalve, a member connecting with said auxiliary valve and operabletherewith for controlling said bypassage, said member comprising ahollow sleeve fitting snugly to slide within said chambered passage.

4. A valve of the character specified having a casing and inside thesame a main valve controlling a port between inlet and outlet passages,a piston within said casing in direct communication with the inletpassage and which piston is arranged also whereby a chamber is formed inthe rear thereof, a piston rod connecting said main valve and piston,said piston and rod having formed therein a chambered passagecommunicating directly ith the chamber in the rear of the piston andwith the outlet passage by a port or opening through said main valve,said piston rod having also a by-p assage leading into the interiorthereof from said inlet passage, an auxiliary valve located inside saidchambered passage for controlling the connection between the same andthe outlet passage of the valve, yielding means for keeping theauxiliary valve normally seated, and means operable with said auxiliaryvalve for controlling said by-passage.

5. A valve of the character specified having a casing and inside thesame a main valve controlling a port between inlet and outlet passages,a hollow stem extending forward from said main valve, a member forming apart of the casing providing a bearing for said hollow stem, a pistoninside said casing in direct communication with the inlet passage andwhich piston is arranged also whereby a chamber is formed in the rearthereof, a piston rod connecting said main valve and piston, said pistonand rod having formed therein a chambered passage connecting directlywith the chamber in the rear of the piston. and with the outlet passageby a port or opening through said main valve, said piston rod havingalso a by-passage leading into the interior thereof from said inletpassage, an auxiliary valve for controlling the con nection between thesaid chambered passage and the outlet passage of the valve, a stemextending forwardfrom said auxiliary valve through the hollow stem ofsaid main valve and through the side of the casing, and means operablewith said auxiliary valve for controlling said by-passage.

6. A valve of the character specified hav- E ing a casing ane inside thesame a main valve controlling a port between inlet and outlet passages,a piston Within said casing in direct communication With the inletpassage and which piston is arranged also whereby a ch amher is formedin the rear thereol', a piston rod connecting said main valve andpiston, said piston and rod having formed therein a chambered passagecommunicating directly With the chamber in the rear of the piston andWith the outlet passage by a port or opening through said main valve,said piston rod having also a by-passage leading into the interiorthereof from said inlet passage, an auxiliary valve contained Withinisaid chambered passage for controlling the connection between the sameand the outlet passage of the valve, means for operating said auxiliaryvalve from outside the valve casing, a member carried by said auxiliaryvalve for controlling said by-passage, a stop for said piston, and aspring contained Within said chambered passage and arranged upon saidauxiliary valve and stop for holding said auxiliary valve in a normallyclosed position.

CHARLES F. FER NALD.

Witnesses JOHN E. R. HAYES, MARTIN V. FOLEY.

